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new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a7cba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/cpu.rs @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +use crate::cpu; +use rand::{self, RngExt}; + +const FONT: [u8; 80] = [ + 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, // 0 + 0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70, // 1 + 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, // 2 + 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, // 3 + 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10, // 4 + 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, // 5 + 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, // 6 + 0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40, // 7 + 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, // 8 + 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, // 9 + 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, // A + 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, // B + 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, // C + 0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0, // D + 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, // E + 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, // F +]; +pub struct Cpu { + reg: [u8; 16], + pub ram: [u8; 4096], + program_counter: u16, + stack: [u16; 16], + stack_pointer: u8, + index: u16, + pub display: [bool; 64 * 32], + delay_timer: u8, + sound_timer: u8, + pub keys: [bool; 16], +} + +impl Cpu { + pub fn new(rom: &[u8]) -> Cpu { + let mut cpu = Cpu { + reg: [0; 16], + ram: [0; 4096], + program_counter: 0x200, + stack: [0; 16], + stack_pointer: 0, + index: 0, + display: [false; 64 * 32], + delay_timer: 0, + sound_timer: 0, + keys: [false; 16], + }; + cpu.load_font(); + cpu.load_rom(rom); + cpu + } + pub fn load_font(&mut self) { + self.load_into_ram(&FONT, 0x050); + } + pub fn load_rom(&mut self, cart: &[u8]) { + self.load_into_ram(cart, 0x200); + } + fn stack_push(&mut self, data: u16) { + self.stack[self.stack_pointer as usize] = data; + self.stack_pointer += 1; + } + fn stack_pop(&mut self) -> u16 { + self.stack_pointer -= 1; + self.stack[self.stack_pointer as usize] + } + pub fn tick(&mut self) { + // Fetch - read two bytes from RAM at program_counter + let hi = self.ram[self.program_counter as usize] as u16; + let lo = self.ram[(self.program_counter + 1) as usize] as u16; + let mut rng = rand::rng(); + // Increment - increment the program counter by 2 + self.program_counter += 2; + // Decode - figure out what those bytes mean + let opcode = (hi << 8) | lo; + let nibble = (opcode >> 12) & 0xF; + let x = ((opcode >> 8) & 0xF) as usize; // as usize for indexing into registers + let y = ((opcode >> 4) & 0xF) as usize; + let n = (opcode & 0xF) as usize; + let nn = (opcode & 0xFF) as u8; + let nnn = opcode & 0xFFF; + // Execute - do the thing + match nibble { + 0x0 => { + match opcode { + 0x00E0 => self.display = [false; 64 * 32], //clear the screen + 0x00EE => self.program_counter = self.stack_pop(), // return from subroutine + _ => println!("opcode {:#06X} has not been implemented", opcode), + } + } + 0x1 => self.program_counter = nnn, //0x1NNN is jump to NNN + 0x2 => { + // call subroutine at nnn + self.stack_push(self.program_counter); + self.program_counter = nnn + } + 0x3 => { + if self.reg[x] == nn { + self.program_counter += 2 + } + } + 0x4 => { + if self.reg[x] != nn { + self.program_counter += 2 + } + } + 0x5 => { + if self.reg[x] == self.reg[y] { + self.program_counter += 2 + } + } + 0x6 => self.reg[x] = nn, + 0x7 => self.reg[x] = self.reg[x].wrapping_add(nn), + 0x8 => match n { + 0x0 => self.reg[x] = self.reg[y], + 0x1 => self.reg[x] |= self.reg[y], + 0x2 => self.reg[x] &= self.reg[y], + 0x3 => self.reg[x] ^= self.reg[y], + 0x4 => { + let (result, carry) = self.reg[x].overflowing_add(self.reg[y]); + self.reg[x] = result; + self.reg[0xF] = if carry { 1 } else { 0 }; + } + 0x5 => { + let result = self.reg[x].wrapping_sub(self.reg[y]); + let not_borrow = (self.reg[x] >= self.reg[y]) as u8; + self.reg[x] = result; + self.reg[0xF] = not_borrow; + } + 0x6 => { + self.reg[x] = self.reg[y]; + let lsb = self.reg[x] & 1; + self.reg[x] >>= 1; + self.reg[0xF] = lsb; + } + 0x7 => { + let result = self.reg[y].wrapping_sub(self.reg[x]); + let not_borrow = (self.reg[y] >= self.reg[x]) as u8; + self.reg[x] = result; + self.reg[0xF] = not_borrow; + } + 0xE => { + self.reg[x] = self.reg[y]; + let msb = (self.reg[x] >> 7) & 1; + self.reg[x] <<= 1; + self.reg[0xF] = msb; + } + _ => println!("opcode {:#06X} has not been implemented", opcode), + }, + 0x9 => { + if self.reg[x] != self.reg[y] { + self.program_counter += 2 + } + } + 0xA => self.index = nnn, //0xANNN set index to NNN + 0xB => self.program_counter = self.reg[0] as u16 + nnn, + 0xC => { + let random_byte: u8 = rng.random(); + self.reg[x] = nn & random_byte; + } + 0xD => { + //0xDXYN is display, and is a doozy. + // get X and Y coords from VX and VY + let x_coord: usize = self.reg[x].into(); + let y_coord: usize = self.reg[y].into(); + let mut flipped = false; + for row in 0..n { + let sprite_byte = self.ram[self.index as usize + row]; + for col in 0..8 { + let bit = (sprite_byte >> (7 - col)) & 1; + let y = y_coord + row; + let x = x_coord + col; + let idx = y * 64 + x; + if bit == 1 { + self.display[idx] ^= true; + flipped |= !self.display[idx]; + } + } + } + if flipped { + self.reg[0xF] = 1; + } else { + self.reg[0xF] = 0; + } + } + 0xE => match nn { + 0x9E => { + if self.keys[self.reg[x] as usize] { + self.program_counter += 2 + } + } + 0xA1 => { + if !self.keys[self.reg[x] as usize] { + self.program_counter += 2 + } + } + _ => println!("opcode {:#06X} has not been implemented", opcode), // unknown opcode + }, + 0xF => match nn { + 0x07 => self.reg[x] = self.delay_timer, + 0x0A => {} + 0x15 => self.delay_timer = self.reg[x], + 0x18 => self.sound_timer = self.reg[x], + 0x1E => self.index = self.index.wrapping_add(self.reg[x] as u16), + 0x29 => { + self.index = ((self.reg[x] * 5) + 0x050) as u16; + } + 0x33 => { + let vx = self.reg[x]; + let hundreds = vx / 100; + let tens = (vx / 10) % 10; + let ones = vx % 10; + self.ram[self.index as usize] = hundreds; + self.ram[(self.index + 1) as usize] = tens; + self.ram[(self.index + 2) as usize] = ones; + } + 0x55 => { + for reg in 0..=x { + self.ram[self.index as usize + reg] = self.reg[reg]; + } + } + 0x65 => { + for reg in 0..=x { + self.reg[reg] = self.ram[self.index as usize + reg]; + } + } + _ => println!("opcode {:#06X} has not been implemented", opcode), + }, + _ => println!("opcode {:#06X} has not been implemented", opcode), // unknown opcode + } + } + fn load_into_ram(&mut self, data: &[u8], offset: usize) { + data.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(i, byte)| { + //write byte to ram starting at 0x200 + self.ram[offset + i] = *byte; + }); + } +} diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83ccdb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +mod cpu; + +use cpu::Cpu; +use minifb::{Key, Scale, Window, WindowOptions}; +use std::{env, fs}; + +const WIDTH: usize = 64; +const HEIGHT: usize = 32; +fn main() -> Result<(), Box> { + let args: Vec = env::args().collect(); + if args.len() < 2 { + eprintln!("Usage: {} ", args[0]); + std::process::exit(1); + } + let rom = fs::read(&args[1])?; + let mut chip8 = Cpu::new(&rom); + + let mut window = Window::new( + "Buttery Chip8", + WIDTH, + HEIGHT, + WindowOptions { + scale: Scale::X8, + ..WindowOptions::default() + }, + ) + .unwrap(); + let keys = [ + window.is_key_down(Key::X), // 0 + window.is_key_down(Key::Key1), // 1 + window.is_key_down(Key::Key2), // 2 + window.is_key_down(Key::Key3), // 3 + window.is_key_down(Key::Q), // 4 + window.is_key_down(Key::W), // 5 + window.is_key_down(Key::E), // 6 + window.is_key_down(Key::A), // 7 + window.is_key_down(Key::S), // 8 + window.is_key_down(Key::D), // 9 + window.is_key_down(Key::Z), // A + window.is_key_down(Key::C), // B + window.is_key_down(Key::Key4), // C + window.is_key_down(Key::R), // D + window.is_key_down(Key::F), // E + window.is_key_down(Key::V), // F + ]; + + let mut buffer: Vec = vec![0; WIDTH * HEIGHT]; + + while window.is_open() { + chip8.keys = keys; + chip8.tick(); + for (i, pixel) in chip8.display.iter().enumerate() { + buffer[i] = if *pixel { 0xFFFFFFFF } else { 0x00000000 }; + } + window.update_with_buffer(&buffer, WIDTH, HEIGHT).unwrap(); + } + + Ok(()) +}